Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Porous granular hydrogel scaffolds biofabricated from dual-crosslinked hydrogel microparticles for breast tissue engineering

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of Printed Scaffold. (A) Images of a printed scaffold (i) before clamping, (ii) after clamping, (iii) before pressing and (iv) after pressing. (B) Photographs of the 7.5 % w/v GelMA GHS under compressing test to measure the Young's moduli. (C) Young's moduli (kPa) of 7.5 % w/v GelMA bulk hydrogel scaffolds (blue) and GelMA HMPs scaffolds (orange) before (dash column) and after (solid column) swelling in PBS for 24 h n ≥ 3. (D) Stereo microscope images and SEM images of freeze-dried printed scaffolds, (E)laser microscope images, height distribution heatmap and 3D reconstruction heatmap of printed scaffolds using 7.5 % w/v GelMA granular hydrogel with the microparticles diameter at 200, 300 and 400 nm. (F) Permeability test by adding 100 μL red dye solution and the infiltration depth at different timepoint. (G) Solution retention volume test by adding dropwise 10 μL red dye solution until residue liquid was seen on the glass slide. The black arrow shows the residue liquid. (H) 3D confocal projection of printed scaffolds using 7.5 % w/v GelMA granular hydrogel with the microparticles diameter at 200, 300 and 400 nm. Pores was images by incubating the scaffolds with 0.2 mg/mL high-molecular weight fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran (70 kDa). Pore fraction and, number of pores and pore size were assessed by detecting the pore spaces in 2D slices using ImageJ. n ≥ 3, ns = none sense, ∗p < 0.1, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Images were captured using a digital light microscope (ECLIPSE Ni, Nikon).

Techniques: Microscopy, Permeability, Residue, High Molecular Weight, Labeling, Pore Size